This three page undergraduate essay examines how ancient civilizations expanded. The author notes that in comparing and contrasting the ways by which various ancient civilizations increased and maintained their power, historians have explained the roles of religion, conquest, and trade in this process of development and expansion. By the third millennium before the Christian Era, people speaking Semitic languages had settled in the cradle of civilization now known as Sumer and founded city-states such as Ur and Uruk in order to foster trade.
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